Pennsylvania News November 20th, 1863 Essay Example

Pennsylvania News November twentieth, 1863 Essay Example Pennsylvania News November twentieth, 1863 Essay Pennsylvania News November twentieth, 1863 Essay Recently I saw what I accept to be probably the best addresses ever. It was at the ridiculous front line of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was at this point where numerous warriors lost their lives battling for opportunity, and a bound together country. President Abraham Lincoln gave a discourse because of the horrendous fight that occurred the initial three days in July of this current year. The discourse, albeit short, communicated some excellent focuses. Its pinnacle, which I accept to be proceeding onward and proceeding to battle for what those men passed on for. He tried telling the individuals that those men had not kicked the bucket futile yet in honor.The cause they passed on for was upright and what they had achieved could never be overlooked even long after his discourse was. The manner by which the discourse finished up appeared to nearly be a consolation to the individuals to continue battling for the reason. He finished, and I quote, that we here purpose that these dead wi ll not have passed on futile; that this country, under God, will have another birth of opportunity and that administration of the individuals, by the individuals and for the individuals, will not die from this world. This discourse, alongside urging individuals to continue battling, gave them trust in a superior country and a free nation. Albeit numerous individuals view this discourse as small for such a genuine event, I think everything that should have been said was said. Any extra elaboration regarding the matter may have given the discourse drawn out and askew. By and large I accept that this discourse was fitting just as persuasive.

Datril Case Essay

My proposal to Marvin Koslow is to follow the principal approach of estimating Datril at standard with Tylenol ($2.85 retail cost, $1.69 exchange cost), utilizing Bristol-Myers’ brand name, and situating Datril as a pain relieving with comparable alleviation impacts to the those of the effectively fruitful, headache medicine based Bufferin and Excedin, however progressively delicate on the stomach, and without the symptoms of ibuprofen. Thusly, Datril will essentially target headache medicine clients, explicitly those from Bufferin’s and Excedin’s current shopper base, who experience the ill effects of annoyed stomach. I clarify my basis beneath. As indicated by the case, when Datril was acquainted with test markets per the technique I suggested, it neglected to accomplish the anticipated marketing projections inside the main month. In spite of the fact that I have no entrance to those business projections, I could contend that the may have been overoptimistic. T he explanation is that Tylenol was entrenched (8% piece of the overall industry) in the pain relieving market which has generally been overwhelmed by ibuprofen based items. Hence, straightforwardly contending with Tylenol at a similar cost is probably not going to bring about fast piece of the pie and fiscal gains inside a month. Koslow ought to have permitted additional time, say a medium run of a half year to coordinate length of the promoting costs to be submitted, before considering changing to the next system. Likewise, it can likewise be contended that the early accomplishment of Datril in the test advertise with the lower selling cost may not be illustrative of its actual presentation over the medium to since quite a while ago run. Prior to shielding my suggestion in detail, I might want to feature the most unmistakable danger of presenting Datril as a less expensive option in contrast to Tylenol: not representing the competitor’s repositioning or cautious showcasing techniques. Those could incorporate the accompanying: o One of the speediest reactions that McNeil Labs could think of is to decrease the cost to exchange, and consequently the selling cost, of Tylenol to coordinate that of Datril. Doing so could result is open allegations of bogus promoting, in this manner turning around the speedy picks up that Datril could make, and possibly squandering the $6 million on wrong correspondence of data to people in general, which might result in offended, irate and disappointed clients due the inclination that they have been bamboozled. Bristol-Myers should bring about the expense of pulling every single current commercial, and an extra expense of propelling another promoting effort. o McNeil could likewise react by changing its as of now preservationist publicizing approach (for example concentrating on doctors and exchange) by forcefully publicizing Tylenol to the general population, misusing the way that its present promoting consumption is under $2 million every year and perhaps in any event, using the force and aptitude of the mother organization, Johnson and Johnson. This might set the deals and piece of the pie of Tylenol, making it a much harder rivalry to Datril. Given Tylenol’s piece of the overall industry, the speed of executing both of the above techniques, or both together, could vigorously limit Datril’s entrance of the market. Moreover, per Exhibit A, Datril should sell 13.3 million containers (at an exchange cost of $1.05) or 60 million (at an exchange cost of 70 pennies) just to make back the initial investment. This is exceptionally wasteful, as far as the two numbers commitment edge, contrasted with Tylenol. In addition, given the genuine amounts of Tylenol sold in 1974 (around 19.1 million containers for every Exhibit B), Datril’s accomplishment of equal the initial investment amounts appears to be considerably progressively suspicious, given the dangers featured previously. Quality can't be a separation in light of the fact that the two items are for all intents and purposes indistinguishable as torment relievers; subsequently the best technique is to consolidate the entrenched notoriety of Bristol-Myers, the notable adequacy of Bufferin and Excedin, with the worth or separation being the tenderness of the item on annoyed stomach. Moreover, Bristol-Myers has an enormous buyer base for its headache medicine based items, a base that is bigger than that of McNeil Labs’ Tylenol clients. This is Bristol-Myers’ principle upper hand; its own shoppers who may experience the ill effects of the run of the mill symptoms of anti-inflamatory medicine. Focusing on those particular clients and conveying to them the estimation of wiped out reactions ought to be Datril’s situating and separating procedure. Cannibalization from Bufferin and Excedin, should it occur, ought not really be seen adversely, since my suggested selling cost of $2.85 is twofold that of these headache medicine items. Show A †Break-Even Analysis for Tylenol and the diverse estimating situations for Datril (per jug of 100 pills) Breakeven Analysis for Product Tylenol Approach 1 †Same cost as Tylenol Approach 2a †Cheaper than Tylenol Approach 2b †Cheaper w/brought down exchange cost $ Unit Cost (Variable Cost) 0.60 Trade Cost (Selling Price to Retailers) $ 1.69 $ 1.69 $ 1.05 $ 0.70 Fixed Cost (Advertising) 2,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 Break-Even Quantity [Fixed Cost/(Trade Cost-Unit Cost)] 1,834,862 5,504,587 13,333,333 60,000,000 Contribution Margin (Unit) 64% 43% 14%

The Best Essay Format

The Best Essay FormatSo many people want to know how to write an integrated essay. They are looking for a way to avoid writing a lot of papers and exams, and yet still be able to get a better grade. Well, let me tell you, there is no such thing as a perfect essay.However, writing a perfect essay can be as simple as learning the basics. The basics, such as the correct format and structure, will allow you to increase your essays writing skill and to write better, as well. Let's take a look at some of the most commonly used essay formats:This is perhaps the best form for any type of essay. This essay style, however, does not come with enough examples in order to truly benefit from the format. If you can find a good example using this format, it can help you gain more from your writing.This essays format comes with very specific instructions on what you need to do, and how you need to complete the various tasks. When using this format, make sure you follow the instructions to the letter. Otherwise, you could lose points for an unnecessary lack of detail.This format is one that you should really avoid when writing an essay or term paper. This is because it is difficult to read, and hard to understand at times. This will likely result in a less-than-stellar grade.This essay form will usually allow you to rewrite the topic out completely. So make sure that you write an essay of decent length, in order to ensure that your topic is not missing. Keep in mind that this essay format will also make it difficult to research and find the specific information that you may need.Finally, you can take some Essay to Article to improve your writing skills. The two most common topics for this essay type are career descriptions and the types of jobs. Articles are the best way to make sure that you learn all the basics, so that you can improve your essay's later on.Writing an essay is no easy task. There are different types of essay styles, but ultimately it all comes down to finding the right form. Learn which format will be the best for your style of writing, and use the tips from the integrated essay toefl samples to give yourself a big boost in your grades.

Freedom Of Speech Free Speech - 1296 Words

Freedom Of Speech In 399 B.C, the Greek Philosopher Socrates was persecuted for an early argument promoting free speech. Later on, The Protection of Speech was first introduced when the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, and in 1948, the United Nations stated that free speech is a human right and drafted into the international Declaration of Human rights.The government doesn t have the right to make a law abridging the freedom of speech because Free Speech is a form of democracy and it s a fundamental right, it s unconstitutional, and freedom of speech is vital to the advancement of knowledge and the search for the truth. First, the government does not have the right to make laws abridging the freedom of speech. Free speech preserves liberty by preventing the spread of uncontrollable power. Free speech serves as a â€Å"check and balance† for the Government limiting it will take away that form of check and balance. â€Å"The 1st amendment was founded from the principles of John Locke. Under the s ocial compact, sovereignty always rests with the people, who never surrender their natural right to protest, or even revolt, when the state exceeds the limit of legitimate authority† (Milovanovic). John Locke followed principles that should be fully enforced. Although some people may say hurtful things, it is still their opinion. 70% of Americans agreed that people should have the right to free speech, even if their words are offensive. Also, Freedom of Speech is a civilian s way to checkShow MoreRelatedFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1403 Words   |  6 PagesFREE SPEECH Freedom of speech is perhaps the most precious tenets of liberal democracies accorded to the citizens of the free world. The United States, and the rest of the Western society is known to be the cradle of democratic principles, and this can be evidenced by the level of freedom accorded to the citizens of the United States and the West in terms of speech. The freedom of speech gives an individual an opportunity to speak his or her mind and also give his or her opinion, sometimes on veryRead MoreSpeech Free Speech On The Freedom Of Speech1380 Words   |  6 Pagesmake no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. This freedom of speech clause as included in the First Amendment guarantees the citizens of America to express information and ideas freely. But is all form of speech free? On the most basic level, this clause allows for the expression of an opinionRead MoreFree Speech Or Freedom Of Speech Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction America is known as The Land of Freedom, basically we are entitled for legal freedom to do whatever we wanted to. However, the freedom of speech has been challenged by many university students and educators recently. In their argument, they believe that free speech has triggered students’ unhappiness and jeopardize campus’ safety. What is the free speech or freedom of speech? According to dictionary, freedom of speech is the right of people to express their opinions publicly withoutRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1689 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom; and no such thing as public liberty, without freedom of speech.† With this quote in mind, freedom of speech should surely be guaranteed right in a every institution. There are various forms of free speech to powerful speeches at a peaceful protest to a girl posting a selfie. Freedom of speech is the key concept that is ba sis of every human right. This inherent right should be protected and supported inRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1180 Words   |  5 PagesFree speech shall not incite evil and hatred in this country. The First Amendment prevents the government from infringing upon our freedom of assembly and speech. â€Å"The disability is so complete that Congress is expressly forbidden to enact laws respecting an establishment of religion, or laws abridging the free exercise of religion, freedom of speech and press, and the right to petition the government† (Bybee). As a whole, our founding fathers only had good intentions with regards to First AmendmentRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1786 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Freedom of speech is a right of every American that is protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. This democratic freedom allows citizens to speak and express themselves freely. Public school teachers and students are also free to express themselves, however they can both be limited by school administration. The goal of this paper is to analyze free speech as defined by the First Amendment and discussed limitations placed on teachers and students by schoolsRead MoreFree Speech On Freedom Of Speech1929 Words   |  8 Pagesthe use of hate speech on college campuses. These limitations on free speech strike at the heart of law and justice within our society. To tolerate these restrictions sets dangerous precedents and unveils dangerous consequences. Speech codes that limit speech and expression beyond the limits of the first amendment are not justified because they harm society and the intellectual integrity of a university while failing to adequately suppor t those students victimized by hate speech. Colleges play anRead MoreFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1889 Words   |  8 PagesFreedom of Speech The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech among other valued standards. The First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceable to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (U. S. Constitution). What does it mean by â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦abridgingRead MoreFreedom Of Speech And Free Speech1737 Words   |  7 Pages Freedom of Speech can only go so far before it starts to impede the right of the others, and free speech does not come before other people’s given rights.. According to Steven J. Heyman in the article â€Å"Free Speech Has Limits,† freedom of speech comes tied together with respecting the freedom of other and the rights of other people (par. 4). The author goes on to say that cutting off other peoples rights in the name of free speech can be seen as wrongful and can be faced with consequences (parRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech886 Words   |  4 Pagesunlike any other. The issue? Free speech. Protesters from both sides of the the political spectrum are outraged. leftists claiming that free speech is â€Å"being used as a cover for spreading hate in America†, that people like the infamous Yiannopoulos (a conservative political commentator known for making offensive statements and supporting â€Å"white supremacy, transphobia, and misogyny†) are do ing harm with their first amendment right, while conservatives are claiming free speech is being threatened by the

Beloved, Civilization And Its Discontents, And Man s...

What does one live for? Why does one believe they exist? Many do not know the answer to these question. Meaning of life is what one lives for, what one lives by, why they exist.The meaning of life may be obvious to some, but a great number of people do not know why they live. Some believe they are here for a reason and some believe it is a mistake. Throughout life, some many suffer with life, which allows them to open their mind up to the meaning of life. Suffering is when one goes through pain, hardship, and distress. In the books Beloved, Civilization and Its Discontents, and Man’s Search for Meaning, there are characters who relate to suffering and show what their meaning to life is. In Beloved, Sethe is an African American slave who has suffered through many situations and her meaning of life deals with people that are the closest to her. Franki, in Man’s Search for Meaning, describes being an inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War 2 and tells re aders how through all the pain and torture he endures, there is a meaning to life. Lastly, Freud from Civilizations and Its Discontents, is a man who just wants civilization among society and his meaning of life is through civilization. Even though these three characters have different meanings to life and have suffered differently, they all have some aspects in common. Sethe, an African American slave, escaped Kentucky in late January of 1858 to Ohio where she starts a new slate. Sethie is an independentShow MoreRelatedThe Pain Of The Form-, Beloved, And Man s Search For Meaning Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesSuffering —regardless of the form— has the ability to mentally and physically destroy an individual. One cannot measure the amount of pain an individual has sustained, but each person’s meaning of life can be easily observed. Despite death being the ending result of life, one can either dwell on this ending result or live in the here and now—making the best of every situation for a happier outcome. When asked by a doctor to describe the pain on a scale from one to ten, one individual may considerRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesLondon, The Warburg Institute, University of London, 1962 French B. Bakhouche, F. Fauquier, B. Pà ©rez-Jean: Picatrix Un traità © de magie mà ©dià ©val. 388 p., 130 x 210 mm, 2003, Paperback ISBN 2-503-51068-X, EUR 37.91. Newest critical edition. French S. Matton, La magie arabe traditionelle, Paris, 1977 (incomplete) Latin Picatrix: The Latin Version of the Ghà ¢yat Al-Hakà ®m, ed. David Pingree (London, Warburg Institute, 1986). Spanish Abul-Casim Maslama ben Ahmad: Picatrix (El fin del sabio y el mejorRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesindulgently banging away at their pianos or doing less-than-funny spoofs of music videos (think the Two Chinese Boys in their dormitory room) †¢ E.g. Temasek Review: an anti-government news portal †¢ E.g. Political commentary by a certain Kway Teow Man †¢ E.g. â€Å"Everyone Draw Muhammad Day† Facebook Page. Emphasis need for freedom of speech and expression that is often curtailed in Muslim communities but ended up causing much unhappiness amongst Muslims because the central religious figure in Islam

Huck Finn Annotations Essay - 4161 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Chapter 1: -This book is written in a first person point of view -Huck is known from Toms story, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer -Huck and Tom found 6000 dollars, which is a lot of money in this era -Miss Watson is very nice to have taken Huck in -There is a lot of racism in the book because of the time period it takes place in -It seems like Tom Sawyer is Hucks role model Chapter 2: -Takes place in a time of slavery -Jim keeps the same five cents on a string around his neck as the five cents Tom left for the candles -Tom shows that he is the leader type when he forms the club -All the kids say the oath is beautiful, even though it talks about murder -The club turns out to be†¦show more content†¦This was good because it warned them in advance -Huck begins to blow his cover. Then he does completely by forgetting his cover name -Even though the woman knew Huck was pretending,

Hurricane Essay Example For Students

Hurricane Essay On July 17, 1966, in Paterson, NJ, Rubin Hurricane Essay Carter was contending for the heavyweight boxing title, when, one night, he was pulled over and suspected of a murder. There was no evidence or witnesses to prove the Hurricane guilty, but the cops needed somebody to blame; so they fixed the trial, and Rubin received the short end of the stick. He was put away for life for a crime he didnt commit. This is a true story. The song was written by Bob Dylan to bring Rubins situation to the public. Rubin Carter was a black man; so many people, including judges and cops, just turned their head. The Hurricanes verdict was changed after nineteen years in prison. He is now trying to live the life that was taken from him. Dylans song, The Hurricane explains how Rubin Carter was proven innocent, but found guilty. Shots were fired, and a triple murder was committed. Two people were at the scene, Patty Valentine and a man, but there were no witnesses. The man next to the bodies said, I was only robbin the register, I hope you understand. Somehow this burglar is not suspected of the murder. The number one contender for the heavyweight title is not even near the shootings. It says Meanwhile, far away in another part of town, Rubin and a couple of friends are drivn around. But he was pulled over anyway just like the before and the time before that. In Paterson, thats just the way things go. If youre black you might as well not show up on the street less you wanna draw the heat. People were very racist back then, and therefore a black man was always suspected before a white man. The police are at the scene gathering information. The burglar and his partner said they saw two middleweights running, and Patty Valentine agreed with them. A cop sees that the bartenders not dead, and though this man could hardly see they told him he could identify the guilty man. The cops have to find a person to blame, and even though it doesnt say it in the song, Rubin has had trouble with the Chief of Police when he was younger. Rubin is hauled to the hospital, so that the bartender could identify him. The wounded man looks up through his one dyin eye, says, whad you bring him in here for? He aint the guy! Rubin should no longer be involved in this murder. He was cleared by the only witness, and he had no reason to kill anyone. Four months later Rubin is in South America, and the burglar and his friend are in trouble. The cops are looking for someone to blame. Remember that murder that happened in a bar? Remember you said you saw the getaway car? You think youd like to play ball with the law? Think it might-a been that fighter that you saw runnin that night? Dont forget that you are white. This is a big part of the song. If the cops dont force these men to lie, Rubin would have never even gone to court. The cops keep harassing the burglars. Now you dont wanta have to go back to jail, be a nice fellow. They are afraid that Rubin will get away from a conviction. That sonofabitch is brave and getting braver. We want to put his ass in stir. We want to pin this triple murder on him. The chief thinks the Hurricane is a trouble maker, and he is determined to put Rubin away for this crime. Rubin was a great boxer, but he wanted to get somewhere with his life. Where the trout streams flow and the air is nice, and ride a horse along a trail. This was his dream and his dream was taken from him during this time. Youth offenders Essay Prosecutors made good on their promises to Bello and Bradley. Bello continued to rely on police protection with the courts until 1974, when he was told nothing more would be done for him. He was no longer benefiting from government hand-outs, so Bello began to tell a different story. A story that was more consistent with his first police discussion, and one that would exonerate Carter and Artis. Rubin Carter was telling his story in a book, The 16th Round. This book received significant attention. Even Bob Dylan was intrigued by it .

The Pearl - Kinos Character Essays - The Pearl, Cinema Of Mexico

The Pearl - Kino's Character Kino, a poor Indian fisherman, lives on the Gulf of California with his wife Juana and son Coyotito. Their simple hut is made of brush, and the couple sleeps on mats thrown on the dirt floor, while Coyotito sleeps in a hanging box. Like others in their poor village, they depend on nature for survival. As The Pearl begins, dawn is breaking. Kino watches the sun rise and listens to the sounds of the morning. But within moments, a dangerous situation develops. A poisonous scorpion stings Coyotito, Kino's infant son, and the baby's screams draw people from all over the village. Juana insists that the doctor be called, but Kino knows the physician is Spanish and considers himself above treating poor Indians. This does not satisfy Juana, who announces that if the doctor will not come to the village, then they will go to his house. But the doctor refuses to treat Coyotito because Kino is too poor. Later that day, while Kino and Juana are fishing in the Gulf, Kino finds an enormous pearl and cries out in joy. He believes the pearl will make him rich and enable him to provide security for his family. But Kino discovers otherwise. The pearl stirs envy in the villagers, and that night Kino is attacked in his hut by a thief. The following day, he tries to sell the pearl to buyers in town, but he is offered only a small amount of money for it. The buyers all work for the same man. They know the pearl is worth a fortune but hope to buy it cheaply by pretending that it is worth little. Kino says he will sell his pearl in the capital city, where he believes he will get a fair price. This amazes the villagers because Kino has never traveled so far. After dark that evening, Kino is attacked again. Juana is sure the pearl is evil and will destroy the family. During the night, she quietly removes it from the spot where Kino has hidden it and tries to throw it back into the ocean. He stops her before she succeeds and beats her for trying. As he returns to the hut, Kino is attacked again, this time by two men. He kills one of them, and the other escapes. Because of the killing, Kino knows that he will be hunted as a murderer. As a result, he and Juana must leave the village the next morning. However, before they can escape their canoe is destroyed and their hut is burned. They hide until the next night in the hut of Kino's brother, Juan Tomas. The following evening, Kino and Juana begin their journey to the capital. Soon they realize they are being followed by three people, so they flee up the mountain and hide in a small cave. Their followers set camp in a clearing just below the cave. Kino decides the only way to survive is for him to kill the person on guard, take his rifle, and kill the other two, who are sleeping. Kino goes to the followers' camp and is about to attack them when his son Coyotito cries out. Kino knows that he must act immediately upon his enemies, but he is a second too late and one of them shoots toward the cave. There is a struggle and Kino kills all three of his enemies. The earlier shot has killed Coyotito. The following afternoon the villagers witness the return of Kino and Juana, carrying the rifle and their dead child. Without a word to anyone, they walk through the village to the shore. Kino lays down the rifle, takes out the pearl, and throws it into the sea. It is difficult to get to know the characters in The Pearl in the same way you might get to know the characters in other novels. They say very little, and you see them in few situations. Their actions seem to be based more on ancient habits than on free choice. Like in one of his other books that I have reed, Of Mice and Men, the characters were not developed thoroughly and stood as more of

Contrast Essay Example

Athens V.Sparta Compare/Contrast Essay Example Athens V.Sparta Compare/Contrast Essay Athens V.Sparta Compare/Contrast Essay Ancient Greece was comprised of small city-states, of which Sparta and Athens were two. Athens was renowned as a center of wisdom and learning. The people of Athens were interested in arts, music, and intellectual pursuits. Sparta, on the other hand, was recognized for its military strength. A Spartans life was centered on the state, because he lived and died to serve the state. Although the competing city-states of Sparta and Athens were individually different as well as governmentally diverse, they both managed to become dominating powers in Ancient Greece. Athens became a democracy under the rule of Solon in 594 B. C. In addition to eliminating serfdom, Solon altered the stringent laws of a previous ruler, Draco, making murder the only crime punishable by death. Under the democracy, Athens entered its golden age, becoming a center of wisdom and learning. The Spartans also entered their golden age with the forming of their military state. This military state was established to control the people they had conquered, the Messenians. Because the Messenians outnumbered their conquerors on a ratio of ten to one, the Spartans turned them into agricultural slaves, or helots. Thus, while Athens was liberating everyone by becoming a democracy, Sparta was enslaving a large amount of people for its own benefit. The forming of Spartas military state changed the Spartan way of life. At the tender age of seven, all Spartan males entered a military school. During thirteen years of harsh training, the young men learned toughness, discipline, endurance of pain, and survival skills. Finally, at age twenty, men entered the military. At this point, the young Spartan might became a hoi homoioi, or a Similar,† one of the warrior elite,† if he was accepted into a certain mess unit. If he did not become a Similar,† he and all his descendants were doomed to enter one of the lesser castes, either the Inferiors or the Tremblers. † Although living in the barracks, the soldiers were allowed to take a wife. At age thirty, although still in the military, a Spartan man was allowed to live at home, with his wife and family. He did not retire until age sixty. On the contrary, in the Athenian military, a soldiers rank was decided by his social or economic status before he entered the army. Instituted by Solon in the sixth century B. C. , four classes made up the Athenian social ladder. Defined by income, each class had a certain measure of political responsibility. The wealthiest class supplied the army with leaders. Called the hippeis or horsemen,† the second class made up the Athenian cavalry. The third class, called the zeugitai, made up the foot soldier, or hoplite section of the army. Finally, the poorest class, called the thetes, served either as oarsmen for the Athenian fleet, or as archers on land. In addition, while Spartan soldiers trained for thirteen years, Athenian soldiers only trained for two years. Thus, while Spartan military rank was determined by a persons performance after entering the army, the soldier’s social class predetermined Athenian military status. Unlike their husbands, Athenian women were forced to stay indoors at all times. They were controlled by their fathers through childhood and by their husbands after marriage. Mostly uneducated, except for learning how to read, they spent their time managing the household and slaves. They were only allowed to leave the house to attend certain religious festivals. In contrast with Athenian women, Spartan women led a free life and were allowed to leave their houses. They were required by state policy to have an academic and physical education. This grueling physical training helped prepare them for having healthy children. Like the men, they existed solely for what they could give the state. In this case, the state expected Spartan women to produce strong babies who would grow into robust soldiers. If a womans husband did not accept her baby because of its weakness or deformity, the child was left to die outside the city. Ruled by an oligarchy, the Spartan military state had a stable government, which led to political stagnation. A duel monarchy was at the top of the pecking order, followed by a council of two kings and twenty-eight noblemen. All these men were retired from the military, and thus were over sixty years of age. In contrast, Athens was a democracy, ruled by the people. A Council had both executive and administrative control. Members of this Council were chosen by lot every year. Any male citizen over the age of thirty was eligible to be chosen. An Assembly, made up of all male citizens, had veto power over the Council. In addition, the Assembly was the only branch of the government, which could declare war. Thus, while Sparta was ruled by only a few of its men, all of its male citizens ruled Athens. The civil accomplishments and differing ideas of Athens and Sparta influenced Greece into becoming what it is today.

Three effects of the Industrial Revolution Essay

Three effects of the Industrial Revolution - Essay Example The workers themselves also took certain measures to shield their rights and interests – the most crucial of these measures is the formulation of trade unions. Apart from technological changes, the social system also changed. Prior to the revolution, the people used to live in small villages, and they worked as craftsmen or agricultural worker, and used to do mostly everything by hand. In Britain, three quarters of the population mostly used to live in the countryside and farming was the most prevalent and popular population. However, when Industrial Revolution came into being, everything changed. The revamped laws entailed that the grazing grounds should be fenced at the expense of the owner, this also led to the bankruptcy and unemployment of many of the farm owners. Consequently, there were also many people who were compelled to work at the new factories. This also caused them to migrate to other towns and cities, and as a result, they were closer to their new job. There we re obviously disadvantages associated with this: they made relatively less money for working long hours at a stretch, and the expenses which came with moving to an urban area was an additional burden. Therefore women and children were sent out to work as well because families desperately needed money to get by. It also proved to be beneficial in a way because the factory owners discovered that children were better at picking up things and could be molded more easily to the working conditions. They could also work in the mines and were small and supple enough to extract the coal, making them prospective and ideal candidates for the job (Doyle, 2). However,...There was one result of these conditions that relevant action was undertaken to safeguard the workers, especially women and children from the threats of the factory system. There were also certain laws that were passed concerning the safety standards and measures in factories, the age limit for the youth, and creating schools for those children whose parents worked in the factories, and also other measures for safeguarding the lives of the workers. The workers themselves also took certain measures to shield their rights and interests – the most crucial of these measures is the formulation of trade unions. Apart from technological changes, the social system also changed. Prior to the revolution, the people used to live in small villages, and they worked as craftsmen or agricultural worker, and used to do mostly everything by hand. In Britain, three quarters of the population mostly used to live in the countryside and farming was the most prevalent and popular population. However, when Industrial Revolution came into being, everything changed. The revamped laws entailed that the grazing grounds should be fenced at the expense of the owner, this also led to the bankruptcy and unemployment of many of the farm owners. Therefore women and children were sent out to work as well because families desperately needed money to get by. However, since the workers and children were over-exerting themselves at work, there was very little time for family interaction.

Stragegic management of human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Stragegic management of human resources - Essay Example A customised version of Integrated Management Process (IMP) used by SAB to set the ball rolling relies on the same set of principles, techniques and practices as the case study demonstrates. Evidently, performance depends not only on hard and attenuating work of the personnel, but also on such essential characteristics as competence and ability to learn and develop. Despite the visible simplicity, the problem of effective training and development of employees faced by SAB during the attempt to solidify and further reinforce their market positions was exceptionally complex. A failure to properly, effectively and continuously train and educate the human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost would have inevitably result in serious inefficiencies, considerable operational difficulties and even collapse of the organisation (Buckle & Caple, 2004). In order to evaluate the programme implemented by SAB one must be aware of the basic theoretical principles an effective programme must rely upon. An effective SHRD programme should be built around three basic theoretical concepts: organizational development change; leadership development; individual, group and organizational learning (Reid, Barrington & Brown, 2004). Although IMP focuses primarily on business planning, communication and performance management processes, the key element of the company's transformation was apparently learning since new skills and attitudes were required. In the past, learning focused primarily on individuals: people worked in large bureaucracies or assembly lines and, consequently, the goal of learning under such circumstances was training of the skills required for their functioning. However, since approximately three decades ago, the focus of learning in organisations began to shift from individuals to groups, and, what was even more important, the meaning underlying the constructs 'learning', 'training' and 'development' transformed dramatically. Scholars started conceiving these constructs as continuous rather than occasional while the purpose and the process of learning were also reformulated and recognised as vital for effective organizational performance (Harrison, 2005). Such continuous perception of learning as the key element of business transformation was probably the main factor of SAB's success: heavy investments in learning and development to support change turned systematic rather than being occasional. The systematic approach toward training, learning and development of employees emphasises such crucial element of the process as continuity while the earlier perspectives often viewed the process as linear and discrete with clearly defined beginning and end (Armstrong, 1996). Systematic approach to organizational development implies clearly identification of what employees should know and how they should act to be effective at a particular job; it also ensures that employees are adequately prepared in terms of the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to fulfil their responsibilities (Kenney & Reid, 1994). Such systematic strategy implemented by SAB helped managers and supervisors get

Observation and Description Essay Example for Free

Observation and Description Essay 1. Explain a learning theory observed in the video.  In the field trip, experiential learning was applied by the facilitator. In experiential learning, students are immersed in a real environment and exposed in a real situation. Experiential learning is based on constructivist theory whereby the learners play active roles in assimilating knowledge onto their existing mental framework and apply their school learned knowledge to the real world (Henley, 1994). In the video, students work with a professional to investigate and learn about nature at Fermilab. Students used magnifying lenses and their senses to see, smell, hear, and feel the plants that they were holding. Initially, students worked in pairs, share their knowledge and make comparison. Then, they worked in groups and write down what they have observed. Thus, the learners have applied the knowledge and concepts that they have learned in the classroom about living things to a real environment at Fermilab. Through the exchange of knowledge and observations among members of the group, they became active learners and teachers. Experiential learning was formulated by Carl Rogers who claimed that significant learning takes place when the subject matter is relevant to the interest of the learner and when external threats are at a minimum (Dover, 2008; Kearsley, 2008). The teacher must set a positive climate for learning, use learning resources, balance intellectual and emotional component of learning and share feelings and thoughts with the learners (ibid). Learning about nature, the prairie, wetlands and the diversity of life took place in Fermilab, a natural environment. Before students were taken around Fermilab, the facilitator gave them some rules to follow to protect the environment and everyone in the area. Hence, there was a positive climate for learning, the experience was significant to the students and the external threat to learning was kept at a minimum. b. Describe the observed teaching situation in terms of group characteristics, seating arrangement, and any additional criteria necessary to present the setting of the learning environment. The teaching and learning process took place at Fermilab where students observed the plants, animals and wetlands to determine the diversity of life in the environment. Initially, all students sat on the grass and work in pairs in observing the plants. They were also holding their magnifying lenses as they listened to the instructions of the facilitator. Each pair consists of a boy and a girl of the same age and grade level. They interacted with their teammates and discussed what they have observed. Then they worked in groups, reflected on what they have observed and shared what they have learned. There were two boys and two girls in each group. c. Describe the observed teacher-to-student interactions. Students were attentive to their teacher. When the facilitator says, â€Å"I want you to look at the plant, smell the plant, listen to the plant, shake it†¦see if it rattles†, students who were working in pairs got their magnifying lenses to look closely at the plants and follow the instructions of the teacher. Everyone was engaged in the activities. In another scene, a small group of students were listening attentively to a professional as she speaks about the different environments that they will observe and investigate. She also provided some rules that they need to observe to protect the environment and everyone at Fermilab. While the facilitator speaks before the students, there was a female teacher who was standing beside her. d. Describe the observed student-to-student interactions. In the first activity, a buddy system was established whereby students work in pairs while seating on the grass and observing the plants. A boy and a girl were interacting with each other and exchanging knowledge on what they have observed. In another activity, there were four students in each group. They were taking down notes on the plants that they were investigating. As students work in groups, peer teaching was established as groupmates do some discussions and kept their voices low so as not to disrupt the other groups. They were all doing their activities in an orderly manner. Analysis, Exploration, and Reasoning a. Describe the purpose of the observed lesson. The objective of the lesson is to learn about nature and to determine the diversity of life in different environments through active learning and immersion. Through experiential learning, students were able to explore the plants, animals and different environments in Fermilab through the use of their sense of sight, touch, smell, and hearing. The lesson also aimed to provide a hands-on experience on a real or natural environment instead of looking at the pictures, reading about nature and environment and staying in the classroom. The activities gave students the opportunity to work with other students and share their knowledge and observation with other members of the group. The activities also develop the social skills of the students. The activities aimed to foster cooperation as students need to follow rules to protect themselves, other people, nature, animals, and the environment. b. Describe a teaching strategy implemented in the observed lesson. Experiential learning is a strategy used by teachers to incorporate learning theories into lessons. As the students learn about nature and the diversity of life in their field trip, they will be able to construct their own knowledge about the protection of nature from what they have observed and experienced at Fermilab. Through experiential learning, the theory of constructivism can be applied in which learners actively build knowledge and skills, construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and past knowledge (Bruner, 1990). Students have learned about plants and animal life in the classroom, through their readings or viewing of films or television programs. Now that they have an actual experience of nature’s life in Fermilab, their knowledge and experience are added to what they have already learned. Hence, they will be able to construct their own ideas on how to protect and care for nature and animals. c. Analyze the teacher’s possible purpose for implementing a teaching strategy observed in the video. The possible purpose of implementing experiential learning is to make each learner directly involved with nature and the diversity of life in different environments at Fermilab. The activities whereby students work by pairs or by groups and learn from one another will foster retention and comprehension of the subject matter because they learn through meaningful learning and teaching experience. The experiential activities make learners directly experience, discover and appreciate nature and environment through the use of their senses. Experiential learning also allows students to reflect on their experience, and generate understanding and transfer of skills and knowledge. d. Describe the level of student engagement with the observed lesson In the video, there was a high level of students’ engagement in the activities. This was evident in their participation to all the activities as they work in pairs and in groups in sharing their knowledge and observations on the plants that they were investigating. The students were listening and following the instructions of their teacher. When the teacher says, I want you to look at the plants, smell the plants, etc. , students who were working in pairs, got hold of the plants and observed them closely with their magnifying lenses. They were also attentively listening to the professional who was explaining about the environments and the diversity of life that they will examine within the Fermilab and the rules that they need to follow.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: essays research papers

1984 is about a parallel world 35 years into the future, in which all nations have been combined into three major countries: Oceania, Eastasia, and Eurasia. London still exists, but it is now a part of Oceania, governed by an entity called the Party, headed by a dominant figure called â€Å"Big Brother†. The Party's one goal is power; power over everybody and everything in Oceania. There is constant surveillance; devices called telescreens are put in people's homes to monitor thoughts, actions and broadcast Party propaganda continuously, with no way for the person to turn it off or change the channel. Free thinkers are not tolerated, and the "Thought Police" are sent to capture the culprits. The Party is developing an official language called â€Å"Newspeak,† whose goal is to simplify language by eliminating as many "extra" words as possible and reducing vocabulary to a small number of basic words, thus narrowing the range of thought. The protagonist of this story is Winston Smith, who works at the Ministry of Truth as a sort of professional history revisionist. His job is to rectify newspaper articles and documents in which Big Brother made predictions or statements that did not agree with the actual outcome of events; in other words, to maintain the public illusion that the Party is perfect. Unhappy with his state of being, Winston would like to overthrow the Party but is powerless to do so. So he teams up with his love interest Julia who is another Party worker. He also collaborates with a high-ranking Party official named O'Brien, who reveals himself as a secret member of a society called The Brotherhood who are planning to destroy the Party. O'Brien gives Winston a book explaining the ideals and motivations of the Party: The upper classes (the highest Party members) need to retain their economic status. Therefore, it is important to control the minds and bodies of the lower classes, and wars are waged constan tly only so that money will be spent on the production of war machinery instead of being converted into wealth which could be given to the lower classes.

Life cycle marketing

The family life cycle represents a method via which the market for certain goods and services is segmented according to the stage in the family life that the particular consumer has reached. This marketing method takes into consideration the family configuration beginning with young, single persons with no children all the way up through marriage, child rearing, and retirement stages. The variables involved in each stage of the model include age, marital status, income, employment (career), and the existence of children (Fritzsche, 1981). One stage in this model is the bachelor stage, which describes persons who no longer live with parents but who have not married or become parents. They usually have a high level of discretionary income despite the fact that their incomes lower than average. Because of the fewer financial burdens (mortgages, children, etc.) and their commitment to recreation, such persons are usually interested in buying clothing, travel, and basic household furniture or equipment. One magazine that could be used as a marketing tool is People, and TLC’s What Not to Wear represents a television program that would be suitable to this group. Both would be effective as they cater to fashion and to the entertainment interests of that group. Another marketing group according to this model is the Full Nest One (Fritzsche, 1981). The Full Nest One stage finds new parents with their youngest child being under the age of six. The parents at this stage have low discretionary incomes because the demands of the children are placed at the highest priority (1981). These persons are therefore likely only to buy necessities, such as cereals, diapers, and children’s clothing. A television show and magazine that are likely marketing tools for this demographic are (respectively) FOX’s Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader   and Disney’s Family Fun magazine. Parents are likely to watch or read them with their children. The Full Nest Three stage describes older parents with high school or college age children. These persons have a better financial position, with wives likely to be at work and more discretionary income (Fritzsche, 1981). Such a household is likely to be interested in buying holidays, nice furniture, and sophisticated appliances. A good magazine for marketing to such a demographic is Travel and Leisure, as such persons are likely to have the money and time to take vacations. A good television channel for marketing to them is HGTV, as this features tastefully decorated homes that may give them ideas for buying furniture and appliances. Reference Fritzsche, D. J. (1981). â€Å"An analysis of energy consumption patterns by stage of family life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cycle.† Journal of Marketing Research, 18, pp.227-32.

In The Introduction, To “Food As Thought Resisting The

In the Introduction, to â€Å"Food as Thought: Resisting the Moralization of Eating†, Mary Maxfield argues that food and the way we consume it isn’t something that should define the obesity epidemic in America. A controversial issue discussed has been whether we should have theories or ideas on which diet works best to increase weight loss or whether we should have any diets to begin with. On one hand, Maxfield argues against the Health Professor Michael Pollan, who proposes an idea to reduce the problem of unhealthy eating in America, when he himself chastises scientists and other health doctors who suggests different diets. On the other hand, she introduces that food is just food and doesn’t need to be differentiated since one may seem†¦show more content†¦As I stated earlier food is simply as it is: food, honestly speaking everything goes in and comes out the same way. With the exception of those who are lactose intolerant and allergic to certain food s, no matter what your intake consist of the digestion system will break it down into nutrients which the body will then use for energy, cell repair, and physical growth. Then after an average time of 6 to 8 hours you will defecate all the unnecessary waste. Regardless the food it all begins with the mouth and ends with the small intestine thus, if you claim to argue that certain eating, eating excessively, or by your standards consuming the â€Å"wrong foods† is un healthy and causes obesity then you are making an inequitable justification. Maxfield claims that health is based on culture, she wants us to understand the difference between diet, health, and weight all of which may not be directly connected. However, each one may play a role amongst one another, for example a very poor diet may result in too much weight for a consumer to handle which can result in health problems eventually, yes, they are all different however each plays off another in my knowledge. That’s why their needs to be a special regime, I beg that you do not confuse a regime with a diet; aShow MoreRelatedPollan vs. Maxfield: Views on Diet and Nutrition930 Words   |  4 PagesPollan v. Maxfield Introduction Over the last several decades, the diet of society has been continually changing. This has resulted in different formulas for nutrition and the proper portions of foods that must be consumed. To fully understand the various arguments requires looking at numerous viewpoints. This will be accomplished by focusing on Michael Pollans Escape from the Western Diet in contrast with Mary Maxfields Food as thought: Resisting the Moralization of Eating. 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